Shame

Old English scamu — shame, confusion, disgrace. Proto-Germanic root. Related to the verb 'to cover' — shame originally involved hiding, covering oneself. The exposure dimension of shame (being seen) and the hiding dimension (wanting to disappear) are both in the etymology.

Shame and guilt are related but distinct — guilt is about what you did, shame is about what you are. Psychology has examined shame as both a moral corrective and a source of destructive self-concept. 'Shaming' — public exposure via social media — revived the word's communal enforcement dimension.